tsunami

A tsunami can be defined as a series of water waves, which can be produced either by natural or artificial impacts on large water bodies, like oceans. Tsunami involves an irregular deformation of plate boundaries, which causes very large vertical displacements of overlying water. A well known Tsunami Fact is that these have very low amplitudes and large wavelengths while offshore, which makes them harmless at sea. It discovered in the 1950s, that landslides, impact events, and explosive volcanic eruption could trigger larger tsunami, caused by larger displacement of water. A tsunami cannot be predicted as there is no advance warning of approaching waves, however an earthquake centered in oceans may be an indication of a tsunami. Animals have also been found sensitive towards an approaching tsunami, as documented in the case of Lisbon quake, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. This Indian Ocean earthquake initiated a series of tsunamis, refered as Tsunami 2004 and Tsunami 2005, along the coasts of Indian Ocean, which killed 225000 people in eleven countries. It was an undersea earthquake occurred on 26 December, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. It had a magnitude between 9.1 and 9.3, which is the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. The aftermaths of Tsunami 2004 were also experienced indirectly through various tsunami videos and tsunami photos, which grieved people throughout the globe. Recently many tsunami-prone countries have implemented various technologies to mitigate onshore damage, while natural methods have also been explored. Tsunami warning systems, including a sensor network and a communications infrastructure, have also been used to detect the waves. Artificial technologies include the use of floodgates, tsunami walls, and channels to redirect incoming water waves. It has been suggested that tree plantations along the stretches of seacoast can provide a cost-effective natural method to mitigate major damages caused by tsunami waves.